DENTAL SCIENCE KIT AS A SUPPLEMENTARY ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION TOOL: PERSPECTIVE OF MALAYSIAN TEACHERS AND SCHOOLCHILDREN

Abstract

Oral health education (OHE) is vital for improving children’s oral health, as early education fosters lifelong healthy behaviours. Although school-based OHE has been implemented widely in Malaysia, integrating OHE into classroom learning remains challenging due to limited accessible and engaging resources. This study explored teachers’ and schoolchildren’s opinions on using science-based activities as a supplementary OHE tool. The Dental Science Module (DES-Kit), comprising 10 science-based activities, was developed through literature review and expert input, then validated and refined. Following implementation in two Malaysian public primary schools, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 14 teachers and 16 schoolchildren aged 11 years. Transcribed data were coded and thematically analysed using QualCoder software. Three main themes emerged: 1) Content appropriateness, 2) Implementation feasibility, and 3) Learning experiences. Participants agreed that the activities were age-appropriate, aligned with the primary school curriculum, and adaptable beyond the classroom. Feasibility was supported by clear instructions, accessible materials, and manageable scheduling. Most activities were perceived suitable for independent completion by schoolchildren with minimal supervision. Learning experiences highlighted enjoyment, curiosity, teamwork, preference for colourful materials, and hands-on tasks that were perceived to enhance knowledge retention. Some safety concerns and a few boring or unpleasant activities were noted. Teachers also suggested potential integration of OHE into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. Overall, the DES-Kit was positively received as an engaging, practical, and relevant tool. Findings provide insights for strengthening school-based OHE and may guide similar initiatives internationally. Further research should evaluate its effectiveness and scalability.